Engine Oils: Types, Functions, and Proper Selection Guidelines
Engine oils are one of the most important factors for the healthy operation and long life of car engines. They prevent engine wear, reduce friction, cool internal parts, and at the same time help wash away harmful deposits. Choosing the right engine oil improves vehicle performance, reduces fuel consumption, and extends the life of the engine. However, the variety of oils available on the market can make the selection process difficult for drivers.
Types of Engine Oils
Engine oils are mainly divided into two categories: mineral and synthetic oils.
-
Mineral oils – produced from natural petroleum, more affordable in terms of price. However, they lose effectiveness quickly at high temperatures and need to be changed more frequently.
-
Synthetic oils – produced chemically with advanced formulations. They remain stable in both hot and cold conditions, last longer, and are more suitable for high-performance engines.
If your car is mainly used for daily city driving, mineral oils may be sufficient. However, for high speeds, harsh weather, and powerful engines, synthetic oils are a more suitable choice.
Functions of Engine Oils
-
Reduce friction – ensure that metal parts work without damaging each other.
-
Provide cooling – remove excess heat generated in the engine.
-
Protect and clean the engine – wash away deposits to maintain internal cleanliness.
-
Reduce fuel consumption – lower friction results in more efficient fuel use.
What to Consider When Choosing Engine Oil?
-
Viscosity grade (SAE) – for example, SAE 5W-30 ensures optimal performance in both cold and hot weather.
-
International standards (API, ACEA, etc.) – indicate compliance with quality and safety standards.
-
Manufacturer’s recommendations – every car has specific viscosity and change intervals.
-
Driving conditions – if you frequently travel long distances or drive in extreme weather, synthetic oil is more suitable.
Choosing the right engine oil is one of the most important steps for ensuring the long-lasting operation of your car. The right choice protects the engine from both mechanical and chemical effects, reduces fuel consumption, and increases overall performance. Following manufacturer recommendations and using quality oil will ensure the healthy performance of your car.
